Thursday, November 24, 2011

Earth Similarity Index Released



A new paper has been released in the journal Astrobiology about how habitable nearby worlds would be. There are actually two indexes. First one is called: Earth Similarity Index (ESI) and the second one is the Planetary Habitability Index (PHI).

The most habitable alien worlds discovered so far that could harbour extraterrestrial life. Worlds such as Saturn's moon Titan and the exoplanet Gliese 581-g which is 20.5 light-years away in the constellation Libra.

Co-author Dr. Dirk Schulze-Makuch of Washington State University said the following: "The first question is whether Earth-like conditions can be found on other worlds, since we know empirically that those conditions could harbour life. The second question is whether conditions exist on exoplanets that suggest the possibility of other forms of life, whether known to us or not."

The ESI rating comes from several factors such as size, density, and distance from the parent star. The PHI looks at different set of factors like if the world has a rocky or frozen surface, has an atmosphere or a magnetic field. PHI also takes into account chemistry such as if organic compounds are present. And if liquid solvents are available for vital chemical reactions.

Earth Similarity Index (ESI)
Earth - 1.00
Gliese 581g - 0.89
Gliese 581d - 0.74
Gliese 581c - 0.70

Mercury - 0.60Mars - 0.70
HD 69830 d - 0.60
55 Cnc c - 0.56
Moon - 0.56
Gliese 581e - 0.53


The Gliese 581 system has been well studied by astronomers and comprises four or five planets orbiting a red dwarf star. Gliese 581g, Gliese 581d, and Gliese 581c come is first, second, and third, place on the ESI after Earth.

The next exo-planet on the list is HD 69830d. This is a Neptune-size world located in the constellation Puppis because it lies in what is known as the "Goldilocks Zone." This is a area around a parent star where surface temperatures are neither too hot nor too cold for life.

Planetary Habitability Index (PHI)
Titan - 0.64
Mars - 0.59
Europa - 0.49
Gliese 581g - 0.45
Gliese 581d - 0.43
Gliese 581c - 0.41
Jupiter - 0.37
Saturn - 0.37
Venus - 0.37
Enceladus - 0.35


The PHI produced different results with Saturn's moon Titan scoring at the top with a 0.64 followed by Mars (0.59) and Jupiter's moon Europa (0.47) for its subsurface water ocean that is thought to be heated by tidal flexing.



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Ref.
1. BBC. "Most liveable alien worlds ranked" by ( http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15863549 ).
2. Liebertonline. Astrobiology > A Two-Tiered Approach to Assessing the Habitability of Exoplanets. ( http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2010.0592 ).

Monday, November 14, 2011

China's Gigantic Desert Puzzles - Why?





There has been arecent discovery made on Google Maps. In the middle of a Chinese desert, there are intricate networks of lines in the desert.

What are they made of, metal of white plastic material or something else. Or the lines could have been made by digging in the dirt.

The mystery location is in Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Gansu. Which is north of the Shule River which crosses the Tibetan Plateau over to the west of the Kumtag Desert.

These lines are huge, viewable from outer space-like a targetting grid. Some even look like the American HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research) project. HAARP is located near Gakona, Alaska, and is funded by the US Air Force, the US Navy, DARPA, and the University of Alaska.

One of these "structures" is about 18 miles in length.

In another photo, the Chinese built a 1:20th scale model of the disputed border region between China and India. A terrain model that is .7 by 1 kilometer sand table to play wargames with 1:20th scale tanks???

So what is really going on here? I don't think we are going to like the answers no matter what is really going on here.


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Ref.
1. Gizmodo.com. "" by Jesus Diaz. November 13, 2011. (http://gizmodo.com/5859081/why-is-china-building-these-gigantic-structures-in-the-middle-of-the-desert).
2. slashgear.com. "" by Shane McGlaun. November 14, 2011. (http://www.slashgear.com/massive-networks-of-stripes-appear-in-chinese-desert-14194983/).

US Navy Marine Corps are Buying Decommissioned British Harriers

http://www.navytimes.com/news/2011/11/navy-marine-buying-decommissioned-british-harriers-111311w/

Sunday, November 6, 2011

There's no UFO cover-up says the White House


The White House has responded to two petitions asking the government to acknowledge formally that extraterrestrial beings have interacted with the US government.

Quote: The U.S. government has no evidence that any life exists outside our planet, or that an extraterrestrial presence has contacted or engaged any member of the human race," Phil Larson from the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy reported on the WhiteHouse.gov website."In addition, there is no credible information to suggest that any evidence is being hidden from the public’s eye."

The msnbc news article reporting this says that hundreds of military and government agency witnesses have confirm the ET/US government interaction with their testimony. They also report that opinion polls show that 50% of the American people believe that there are, or have been a alien presence on earth. And that more than 80% believe that the US government is not telling the truth about the phenomenon.

One of the groups that went out promoting the petitions, The Paradigm Research Group; stated that the response from a "low-level staffer" was unacceptable and that it would begin a new petition campaign.

The White House, as a result of this petition campaign, has raised the bar for online signing to petitions before they will respond. What once required 5,000 online signatures within 30 days now requires 25,000.

And this blogger is NOT surprise by the answer the White House delivered. In my opinion, First Contact will have to take place OUTSIDE the boarders of the United States of America in another country. And even then, I doubt that our government will be forth coming with any details from previous contacts with ET since the end of World War Two.


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Ref.
1. msnbc.com. "White House: There's no sign of E.T. or UFO cover-up" by Nancy Atkinson. ( http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45176460/ns/technology_and_science-space/#.Tra0j_QUq7s ).
2. image of UFO from old British tv series "UFO"

Thursday, November 3, 2011